Just the other day I found myself in a heated dispute with a married couple in Chattanooga, Tennessee—friends of my wife’s middle brother—about the cause and purpose of the American Civil War. I was astonished by what she (the wife) was yelling saying in the background to me while Sandy and I were speaking on the phone with her brother.

We were only explaining for the third or fourth time to my brother-in-law that we still could not help him with the back-taxes (of 4-years) on their deceased Aunt’s house in Hamilton County Tennessee where the brother now resides and where wife Sandy was living and financially helping before we married. Basically, my repeated answer was that the current hyper-inflated Cost of Living in Texas and across the entire U.S. proper was being caused by one man and one party: the President of the United States and his radical sycophant MAGA Republicans. Just our cost of energy and groceries are so exorbitantly high that we run out of money by the 19^th or 20^th of every month… and have been since February of 2026 when our POTUS ignorantly picked and started a war with Iran and the Straight of Hormuz.

Overhearing what I was telling Sandy’s brother this woman chimed in unsolicited to try and antagonize me over what I was saying to my brother-in-law. She also overheard me saying that “I cannot for the life of me understand WHY several Deep South states still have the Confederate flag or symbols of the 1861 Confederacy within their state flags.” She yelled stated loudly, “We love our Confederate flag here and we love President Trump!” In response I asked, “Does she even realize that she is implying she supports racism and slavery!?” Her uneducated reply? It was:

“You saying that makes YOU the racist!”

Yes, even in this 21^st-century there are many, too many, Americans that have been misinformed or intentionally taught to wrongly believe that the American Civil War was NOT fought and lost over slavery, but fought over states rights and centralized power and authority. This bogus belief in false history could not be further from the verified facts and truth. Here is why she and any other Americans defending the Confederate States of America and their motive for starting the Civil War are purely and simply flagrantly wrong. Following are the own written words and declarations of secession of all thirteen Confederate States and two more that were essentially shadow/rump Confederate governments.

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

— U.S. Declaration of Independence, adopted July 4, 1776

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The Causes of Seceding Confederate States 1860-1861

As the quote above states, drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson—and later revised by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman, and Jefferson—there is no distinction whatsoever between any human race or any human ethnicity. It explicitly states, “all men [and women] are created equal” in God’s eyes and His work on Earth. This fact must be first established and accepted (embraced) by all American citizens then and now. Period. No grey areas.

Precisely, what do the eleven (11) seceding Confederate states say as to why they are seceding from the U.S. Declaration, the U.S. Constitution, and the United States of America that our Founding Fathers drew up only 84-years earlier? In just four words this:

• Keeping Slavery — and that all men are NOT created equal in God’s eyes/work.
• States’ Rights — to maintain slavery as an economic model and profit for white plantation owners.

Those reasons, those causes are explicitly stated to protect their institution of slavery. Following are the four major states—Mississippi, Georgia, Texas, and South Carolina—using words defending pro-slavery, followed by the clear centrality of slavery and the states’ rights to keep slavery.

Mississippi’s Declaration of Secession (verbatim):
“Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery— the greatest material interest of the world. Its labor supplies the product which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of commerce of the earth… These products have become necessities of the world, and a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization. That blow has been long aimed at the institution, and was at the point of reaching its consummation. There was no choice left us but submission to the mandates of abolition, or a dissolution of the Union, whose principles had been subverted to work out our ruin.” ¹

Georgia’s Declaration of Secession (verbatim):
“That reason was [the North’s] fixed purpose to limit, restrain, and finally abolish slavery in the States where it exists. The South with great unanimity declared her purpose to resist the principle of prohibition to the last extremity.” ²

Texas’ Declaration of Secession (verbatim):
“The servitude of the African race, as existing in these States, is mutually beneficial to both bond and free, and is abundantly authorized and justified by the experience of mankind, and the revealed will of the Almighty Creator, as recognized by all Christian nations.” ³

South Carolina’s Declaration of Secession (verbatim):
“Those [Union] States have assumed the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have denied the rights of property established in fifteen of the States and recognized by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful the institution of slavery; they have permitted open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign the property of the citizens of other States.” ⁴

These four leading pro-slavery states go on to express arguments and other concepts and methods from their interpretation of the U.S. Constitution to try and show eight reasons why the protection, expansion, and perpetuation of African-American slavery and white supremacy were the primary drivers of secession. The individual state documents explicitly cite Northern states passing personal liberty laws, nullifying the Fugitive Slave Act ⁵:

1. Some states argue that slavery should be expanded as an economic benefit and fair representation in the federal government’s trade and commerce.
2. Abolitionism is a method of inciting violent uprisings both in the South and among the Northern Confederates.
3. Mississippi and Georgia point out in their Causes of Secession that slavery accounts for a huge portion of the Southern economy.
4. The Southern states argue that the Union is a compact, one that can be annulled if the states are not satisfied with what they receive in return from other states and/or from the federal government.
5. The states argue that the North’s reluctance to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 (mandating that fugitive slaves be returned to the South) means that the compact is no longer satisfactory.
6. All of the Southern states negatively mention Abraham Lincoln’s election and his suspected abolitionist leanings.
7. Georgia accuses Northern manufacturing interests of exploiting the South and dominating the federal government.
8. Texas expresses dissatisfaction with federal military protection.

To further validate the primary cause of the American Civil War, here are the actual explicit written words, their declarations, and causes of secession by the thirteen (13) Confederate States in chronological order defending their right to keep slavery:

South Carolina – Dec. 20-24, 1860

“Confederate States of America – Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union:

The people of the State of South Carolina, in Convention assembled, on the 26th day of April, A.D., 1852, declared that the frequent violations of the Constitution of the United States, by the Federal Government, and its encroachments upon the reserved rights of the States, fully justified this State in then withdrawing from the Federal Union; but in deference to the opinions and wishes of the other slaveholding States, she forbore at that time to exercise this right. Since that time, these encroachments have continued to increase, and further forbearance ceases to be a virtue.

And now the State of South Carolina having resumed her separate and equal place among nations, deems it due to herself, to the remaining United States of America, and to the nations of the world, that she should declare the immediate causes which have led to this act. […]

We affirm that these ends for which this Government was instituted have been defeated, and the Government itself has been made destructive of them by the action of the non-slaveholding States. Those States have assume the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have denied the rights of property established in fifteen of the States and recognized by the Constitution; they [the North] have denounced as sinful the institution of slavery; they have permitted open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign the property of the citizens of other States. They have encouraged and assisted thousands of our slaves to leave their homes; and those who remain, have been incited by emissaries, books and pictures to servile insurrection.”” […more]

Mississippi – January 9, 1861

“A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union:

In the momentous step which our State has taken of dissolving its connection with the government of which we so long formed a part, it is but just that we should declare the prominent reasons which have induced our course.

Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery– the greatest material interest of the world. Its labor supplies the product which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of commerce of the earth. These products are peculiar to the climate verging on the tropical regions, and by an imperious law of nature, none but the black race can bear exposure to the tropical sun. These products have become necessities of the world, and a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization. That blow has been long aimed at the institution, and was at the point of reaching its consummation. There was no choice left us but submission to the mandates of abolition, or a dissolution of the Union, whose principles had been subverted to work out our ruin. […]

It has nullified the Fugitive Slave Law in almost every free State in the Union, and has utterly broken the compact which our fathers pledged their faith to maintain.

It advocates negro equality, socially and politically, and promotes insurrection and incendiarism in our midst. […]

It has made combinations and formed associations to carry out its schemes of emancipation in the States and wherever else slavery exists.

It seeks not to elevate or to support the slave, but to destroy his present condition without providing a better.” […more]

Florida – January 10, 1861

“Form of Government for the People of Florida – Ordinance of Secession from the Federal Union.

“We, the People of the State of Florida, in Convention assembled, do solemnly ordain, publish and declare, that the State of Florida hereby withdraws herself from the Confederacy of States existing under the name of the United States of America, and from the existing government of said States; and that all political connection between her and the government of said States ought to be and the same is hereby totally annulled and said Union of States dissolved, and the State of Florida is hereby declared a sovereign and independent Nation; and that all ordinances heretofore adopted, in so far as they create or recognize said Union, are rescinded, and all laws or parts of laws in force in this State, in so far as they recognize or assent to said Union, be and they are hereby repealed.

Done in open Convention, January 10, 1861.””

On January 10, 1861, with 62 delegates voting yea and 7 voting nay, the President of Florida’s Secession Convention, John C. McGehee, speaking for the vast majority of Floridians he declared five days earlier:

“At the South, and with our People of course, slavery is the element of all value, and a destruction of that destroys all that is property.”

And remaining in the rule of the federal Union would…

“…destroy every vestige of right growing out of property in slaves.”

Alabama – January 11, 1861

“An Ordinance to dissolve the union between the State of Alabama and the other States united under the compact styled “The Constitution of the United States of America.”

“Whereas, the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin to the offices of president and vice-president of the United States of America, by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and to the peace and security of the people of the State of Alabama, preceded by many and dangerous infractions of the constitution of the United States by many of the States and people of the Northern section, is a political wrong of so insulting and menacing a character as to justify the people of the State of Alabama in the adoption of prompt and decided measures for their future peace and security, therefore: 

Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as “the United States of America,” and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States, and is, and of right ought to be a Sovereign and Independent State. […]

And as it is the desire and purpose of the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent Government upon the principles of the Constitution of the United States, …”” […more]

Georgia – January 19, 1861

“We the people of the State of Georgia in Convention assembled do declare and ordain and it is hereby declared and ordained that the ordinance adopted by the State of Georgia in convention on the 2nd day of Jany. in the year of our Lord seventeen hundred and eighty-eight, whereby the constitution of the United States of America was assented to, ratified and adopted, and also all acts and parts of acts of the general assembly of this State, ratifying and adopting amendments to said constitution, are hereby repealed, rescinded and abrogated. 

We do further declare and ordain that the union now existing between the State of Georgia and other States under the name of the United States of America is hereby dissolved, and that the State of Georgia is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent State. 

Passed January 19, 1861.”

The following is the State of Georgia’s Declaration of Secession:

“The people of Georgia having dissolved their political connection with the Government of the United States of America, present to their confederates and the world the causes which have led to the separation. For the last ten years we have had numerous and serious causes of complaint against our non-slave-holding confederate States with reference to the subject of African slavery. They have endeavored to weaken our security, to disturb our domestic peace and tranquility, and persistently refused to comply with their express constitutional obligations to us in reference to that property, and by the use of their power in the Federal Government have striven to deprive us of an equal enjoyment of the common Territories of the Republic. This hostile policy of our confederates has been pursued with every circumstance of aggravation which could arouse the passions and excite the hatred of our people, and has placed the two sections of the Union for many years past in the condition of virtual civil war. Our people, still attached to the Union from habit and national traditions, and averse to change, hoped that time, reason, and argument would bring, if not redress, at least exemption from further insults, injuries, and dangers. Recent events have fully dissipated all such hopes and demonstrated the necessity of separation. Our Northern confederates, after a full and calm hearing of all the facts, after a fair warning of our purpose not to submit to the rule of the authors of all these wrongs and injuries, have by a large majority committed the Government of the United States into their hands. The people of Georgia, after an equally full and fair and deliberate hearing of the case, have declared with equal firmness that they shall not rule over them. A brief history of the rise, progress, and policy of anti-slavery and the political organization into whose hands the administration of the Federal Government has been committed will fully justify the pronounced verdict of the people of Georgia. The party of Lincoln, called the Republican party, under its present name and organization, is of recent origin. It is admitted to be an anti-slavery party.”

[Approved, Tuesday, January 29, 1861]” […more]

Louisiana – January 26, 1861

“AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of Louisiana and other States united with her under the compact entitled “The Constitution of the United States of America.”

“We, the people of the State of Louisiana, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, That the ordinance passed by us in convention on the 22d day of November, in the year eighteen hundred and eleven, whereby the Constitution of the United States of America and the amendments of the said Constitution were adopted, and all laws and ordinances by which the State of Louisiana became a member of the Federal Union, be, and the same are hereby, repealed and abrogated; and that the union now subsisting between Louisiana and other States under the name of “The United States of America” is hereby dissolved. […]

Adopted in convention at Baton Rouge this 26th day of January, 1861.””

By this point in time, January–February 1861, an all new Confederate States of America Constitution was being drafted. The first seven slave-holding states would adopt and ratify the new Constitution on March 11, 1861. The six remaining slave-holding states, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, and Arkansas would soon follow suit.

Furthermore, to absolutely prove beyond a shadow of doubt that the American Civil War was fought for keeping and the protection of slavery in the South as well as its expansion into other western states, newly appointed President of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson F. Davis, wrote this veto to the Congress in Washington D.C. and its Executive Department:

“VETO MESSAGE.

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, February 28, 1861.”

“Gentlemen of Congress: With sincere deference to the judgment of Congress, I have carefully considered the bill in relation to the slave trade, and to punish persons offending therein, but have not been able to approve it, and therefore do return it with a statement of my objections. The Constitution (section 7, article I.) provides that the importation of African negroes from any foreign country other than slave-holding States of the United States is hereby forbidden, and Congress is required to pass such laws as shall effectually prevent the same. The rule herein given is emphatic, and distinctly directs the legislation which shall effectually prevent the importation of African negroes. The bill before me denounces as high misdemeanor the importation of African negroes or other persons of color, either to be sold as slaves or to be held to service or labor, affixing heavy, degrading penalties on the act, if done with such intent. To that extent it accords with the requirements of the Constitution, but in the sixth section of the bill provision is made for the transfer of persons who may have been illegally imported into the Confederate States to the custody of foreign States or societies, upon condition of deportation and future freedom, and if the proposition thus to surrender them shall not be accepted, it is then made the duty of the President to cause said negroes to be sold at public outcry to the highest bidder in any one of the States where such sale shall not be inconsistent with the laws thereof. This provision seems to me to be in opposition to the policy declared in the Constitution – the prohibition of the importation of African negroes – and in derogation of its mandate to legislate for the effectuation of that object. Wherefore the bill is returned to you for your further consideration, and, together with the objections, most respectfully submitted.

[signed] JEFF’N DAVIS.”

Texas – February 1, 1861

“AN ORDINANCE To dissolve the Union between the State of Texas and the other States united under the Compact styled “the Constitution of the United States of America.””

“WHEREAS, The Federal Government has failed to accomplish the purposes of the compact of union between these States, in giving protection either to the persons of our people upon an exposed frontier, or to the property of our citizens, and

WHEREAS, the action of the Northern States of the Union is violative of the compact between the States and the guarantees of the Constitution; and,

WHEREAS, The recent developments in Federal affairs make it evident that the power of the Federal Government is sought to be made a weapon with which to strike down the interests and property of the people of Texas, and her sister slave-holding States, instead of permitting it to be, as was intended, our shield against outrage and aggression; THEREFORE, […]

Texas abandoned her separate national existence and consented to become one of the Confederated Union to promote her welfare, insure domestic tranquility and secure more substantially the blessings of peace and liberty to her people. She was received into the confederacy with her own constitution, under the guarantee of the federal constitution and the compact of annexation, that she should enjoy these blessings. She was received as a commonwealth holding, maintaining and protecting the institution known as negro slavery– the servitude of the African to the white race within her limits– a relation that had existed from the first settlement of her wilderness by the white race, and which her people intended should exist in all future time. Her institutions and geographical position established the strongest ties between her and other slave-holding States of the confederacy. Those ties have been strengthened by association. But what has been the course of the government of the United States, and of the people and authorities of the non-slave-holding States, since our connection with them?

That in this free government all white men are and of right ought to be entitled to equal civil and political rights; that the servitude of the African race, as existing in these States, is mutually beneficial to both bond and free, and is abundantly authorized and justified by the experience of mankind, and the revealed will of the Almighty Creator, as recognized by all Christian nations; while the destruction of the existing relations between the two races, as advocated by our sectional enemies, would bring inevitable calamities upon both and desolation upon the fifteen slave-holding states.” […more]

Between April 17 and June 8, 1861, the States of Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri, and Kentucky all seceded from the Union, adopted and then ratified their new Constitution of the Confederate States of America therefore keeping their slave property, protecting it, and sought to expand slavery into western territories as far as the Pacific Ocean if possible such as into the Arizona Territory and beyond.

Wealthy white Southern plantation owners along with their white foreman separated from the Union, from the U.S. Declaration of Independence, and the U.S. Constitution to establish a negro slave-commerce which fattened their opulent southern Antebellum lifestyles. Moreover, unlike slavery in the ancient world where servants/slaves were of diverse skin-colors and ethnicities, even Caucasian slaves, in the United States slavery was strictly based on race or skin-color. Leading up to the Civil War blacks were the enslaved people in the South and whites were not.

As of today, October 14, 2026, one hundred and sixty-one years (161) and counting, there are seven state flags in the U.S. that feature explicit symbols, historical references, or structural designs tied to the Confederate States of America and still numerous state monuments and statues celebrating, glorifying the Confederacy’s heroes and cause. Here are those seven states and some of the still standing Confederate sites:

If you would like to review further the more than 685 to 700 Confederate monuments and well over 2,000 total Confederate symbols, including streets, highways, buildings, forts, airbases, and parks still remaining in public spaces nationwide… then start with Wikipedia’s site here. When the former Confederacy and its cause (slavery, racism) is still sanctified today, even as one’s family heritage, and in degrees sanitized so not to appear evil or wrong, what does that teach our youth and American generations that come after? Are they being (intentionally?) taught immoral values?

Most Americans today know full well that defeating Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and 20^th-century fascism, had to be done, if for no other reason than atrocities and war crimes blatantly committed by these two evil powers. The Nazi Holocaust and war crimes by Japan against the Chinese people followed by the “enemies” of The Rising Sun clearly show they both had to be stopped and defeated for their forms of evil prejudice and racism. How is the prejudice, racism, and brutality of the Confederate South any different? It’s not. So why support the former Confederacy and the racist slavery it stood for? Isn’t that the same as exalting Nazism and Imperial Japan?

For these same reasons, why are Americans still believing and supporting racism and prejudice, or rather The Lost Cause? Here’s one reason and I strongly recommend you watch all 7-minutes:

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More than 150-years later in a Pew Research Center poll found in 2011 and still today in 2026 that Americans are somehow still seriously divided over what the American Civil War was fought for and how and why it started. In that 2011 poll about 48% stated the Civil War was mainly about states’ rights and 38% state it was primarily about slavery. Another 9% thought it was about both issues equally or neither/don’t know. And for some mysterious reason (or is it?) the poll revealed:

“Young people are more likely than older Americans to say that the war’s main cause was states’ rights – 60% of those younger than 30 express this view, the highest percentage of any age group. Those 65 and older are the only age group in which more say that slavery, rather than states’ rights, was the main cause of the Civil War (by 50% to 34%). While 48% of whites view states’ rights was the war’s main cause, so too do 39% of African Americans.”

How is that possible? We have in American archives across the nation, as I have shown above for anyone to see with their own eyes, all the 1850-1865 original state declarations, ordinances, government correspondence, messages, and personal letters by all the main-players from the Union North and the Confederate South—they all explicitly and implicitly show and read that the institution of slavery and its defense was the #1 cause for the Confederate States to secede and start the Civil War. Anyone who states otherwise is unequivocally wrong and does not know the authenticated, verified historical evidence. Period. This makes one ask, “Were these portions of the U.S. populous, 20^th– and 21^st-century generations, wrongly and intentionally misguided in school?” Has there been a subtle undercurrent of prejudice and racism being taught in our school systems, in Social Studies and/or History classes?

Since the Civil War, some Southern Americans with some level of ties to the Confederacy have attempted to reframe the main cause of the conflict by focusing on states’ rights or other issues, such as taxes and tariffs. This may be because it’s painful to accept the truth that millions fought to uphold a cruel and inhuman system. It may be because people want to believe the best about their ancestors, or their state or region. Or it may be due to prejudice. Whatever their rationalizing the historical evidence makes it clear that the American Civil War was fought over the issue of slavery, and that the Confederate cause was the continuation of white supremacy. Plain and simple. Controversy over. Yes, “Learn authentic, corroborated, verified factual history,” not propaganda and racism.

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1. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/declaration-causes-seceding-states#Mississippi ↩︎
2. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/declaration-causes-seceding-states#Georgia ↩︎
3. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/declaration-causes-seceding-states#Texas ↩︎
4. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/declaration-causes-seceding-states#South_Carolina ↩︎
5. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/reasons-secession ↩︎

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